CPCWiki - THE Amstrad CPC encyclopedia! - User contributions [en]

I/O Port Summary

2007-01-21T21:28:50Z

83.26.224.50:

The is a list of all known I/O ports of the Amstrad CPC (copied from the [[FutureOS]] manual).

{|{{Prettytable|width: 700px; font-size: 2em;}}
|''I/O''||''Decoded as''||''Port''||''Read''||''Write''
|-
|#7FXX||%0xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx||[[Gate Array]]|| ||Write
|-
|#BCXX||%x0xxxx00 xxxxxxxx||6845 [[CRTC]] Address-Register|| - ||Write
|-
|#BDXX||%x0xxxx01 xxxxxxxx||6845 [[CRTC]] Data-Register|| - ||Write
|-
|#BEXX||%x0xxxx10 xxxxxxxx||6845 [[CRTC]] Status-Register||Read|| -
|-
|#BFXX||%x0xxxx11 xxxxxxxx||6845 [[CRTC]] Video-Address-Register||Read|| -
|-
|#DFXX||%xx0xxxxx xxxxxxxx||select ROM|| - ||Write
|-
|#EFXX||%xxx0xxxx xxxxxxxx||Printer Port|| - ||Write
|-
|#F4XX||%xxxx0x00 xxxxxxxx||8255 PIO Port A||Read||Write
|-
|#F5XX||%xxxx0x01 xxxxxxxx||8255 PIO Port B||Read|| -
|-
|#F6XX||%xxxx0x10 xxxxxxxx||8255 PIO Port C|| - ||Write
|-
|#F7XX||%xxxx0x11 xxxxxxxx||8255 PIO Control-Register|| - ||Write
|-
|#F8B0||?||Vidi-CPC Video-Digitiser||?||?
|-
|#F8B1||?||Vidi-CPC Video-Digitiser||?||?
|-
|#F8DC - #F8DD||?||CPCI Serial Interface||Read||Write
|-
|#F8E0||?||Z80 STI Indirect Data Register||Read||Write
|-
|#F8E1||?||Z80 STI Gen. Purpose I/O Interrupt||Read||Write
|-
|#F8E8||?||Z80 STI Pointer Vector Register||Read||Write
|-
|#F8E8||?||Music Machine|| - ||Write
|-
|#F8EC||?||Z80 STI USART Control Register||Read||Write
|-
|#F8EC||?||Music Machine|| - ||Write
|-
|#F8ED||?||Z80 STI Receiver Status Register||Read||Write
|-
|#F8EE||?||Z80 STI Transmitter Status Register||Read||Write
|-
|#F8EF||?||Z80 STI USART Data Register||Read||Write
|-
|#F8EF||?||Music Machine||Read|| -
|-
|#F8E2 - #F8E4||?||Dobbertin Eprommer 4003||?||?
|-
|#F8F0||?||Music Machine|| - ||Write
|-
|#F8F2||?||Dobbertin Eprommer 4003||?||?
|-
|#F8F4||?||Music Machine||Read|| -
|-
|#F8F8||?||Music Machine|| - ||Write
|-
|#F8FF||%1111100x 111xxxxx||CPCISA control port|| - ||Write
|-
|#F9B0||?||Vidi-CPC Video-Digitiser||?||?
|-
|#F9FC - #F9FE||?||Otten & Fecht 1 MB RAM-Disc||?||?
|-
|#FA7E||%xxxxxx0x0 0xxxxxxx||Floppy Motor Control|| - ||Write
|-
|#FADC||?||Z80-SIO / DART port A Data Register||Read||Write
|-
|#FADD||?||Z80-SIO / DART port A Control Reg.||Read||Write
|-
|#FADE||?||Z80-SIO / DART port B Data Register||Read||Write
|-
|#FADF||?||Z80-SIO / DART port B Control Reg.||Read||Write
|-
|#FB7E||%xxxxxx0x1 0xxxxxx0||765 FDC (internal) Status Register||Read|| -
|-
|#FB7F||%xxxxxx0x1 0xxxxxx1||765 FDC (internal) Data Register||Read||Write
|-
|#FBDC||?||8253 Timer counter 0||Read||Write
|-
|#FBDD||?||8253 Timer counter 1||Read||Write
|-
|#FBDE||?||8253 Timer counter 2||Read||Write
|-
|#FBDF||?||8253 Timer Modus Select|| - ||Write
|-
|#FBE0||?||Hard Disc Data Port||Read||Write
|-
|#FBE1||?||Hard Disc Status, Reset||Read||Write
|-
|#FBE2||?||Hard Disc Select, Configuration||Read||Write
|-
|#FBE3||?||Hard Disc DMA, Interrupt||Read||Write
|-
|#FBE4||?||Hard Disc Reset||Read||Write
|-
|#FBE0 - #FBE3||?||dk'tronics RTC.||?||?
|-
|#FBE8||?||dk'tronics RTC.||?||?
|-
|#FBEE||?||SSA1 dk'tronics Speech-Module||Read||Write
|-
|#FBF0 - #FBFF||?||Otten & Fecht 1 MB RAM-Disc||?||?
|-
|#FBF6||?||765 FDC (Vortex,ext) Status Register||Read|| -
|-
|#FBF7||?||765 FDC (Vortex,ext) Data Register||Read||Write
|-
|#FC00 - #FDFF||%1111110x xxxxxxxx||CPCISA 16bits mode high byte latch||Read||Write
|-
|#FD00 - #FD3F||?||SYMBiFACE II||Read||Write
|-
|#FE00 - #FFFF||%1111111x xxxxxxxx||CPCISA I/O access (low byte)||Read||Write
|-
|#FEE8||?||Multiface II||?||?
|-
|#FEEA||?||Multiface II||?||?
|-
|#FFXX||%11111111 xxxxxxxx||CPC Booster (XX=#00..#28 are used now)||Read||Write
|-
|}

CPCISA ports for ISA cards
{|{{Prettytable|width: 700px; font-size: 2em;}}
|''Device''||''PC I/O range''||''CPCISA high''||''CPCISA low''
|-
|IDE1||1F0h..1F7h||#FDF0..#FDF7||#FFF0..#FFF7
|-
|IDE2||170h..177h||#FD70..#FD77||#FF70..#FF77
|-
|Joystick||201h..201h||#FC01..#FC01||#FE01..#FE01
|-
|Ethernet||210h..21Fh||#FC10..#FC1F||#FE10..#FE1F
|-
|Sound Blaster||220h..23Fh||#FC20..#FC3F||#FE20..#FE3F
|-
|LPT2||278h..27Fh||#FC78..#FC7F||#FE78..#FE7F
|-
|COM1||2F8h..2FFh||#FCF8..#FCFF||#FEF8..#FEFF
|-
|MIDI'||300h..301h||#FD00..#FD01||#FF00..#FF01
|-
|MIDI||330h..331h||#FD30..#FD31||#FF30..#FF31
|-
|Sound control||370h..371h||#FD70..#FD71||#FF70..#FF71
|-
|FDC1||372h..377h||#FD72..#FD77||#FF72..#FF77
|-
|LPT1||378h..37Fh||#FD78..#FD7F||#FF78..#FF7F
|-
|Sound AD-LIB||388h..38Bh||#FD88..#FD8B||#FF88..#FF8B
|-
|VGA||3B0h..3BBh||#FDB0..#FDBB||#FFB0..#FFBB
|-
|LPT3||3BCh..3BFh||#FDBC..#FDBF||#FFBC..#FFBF
|-
|VGA||3C0h..3DFh||#FDC0..#FDCF||#FFC0..#FFCF
|-
|FDC1||3F2h..3F7h||#FDF2..#FDF7||#FFF2..#FFF7
|-
|COM1||3F8h..3FFh||#FDF8..#FDFF||#FFF8..#FFFF
|-
|}

CPCISA ports for ISA motherboard
{|{{Prettytable|width: 700px; font-size: 2em;}}
|''Device''||''PC I/O range''||''CPCISA high''||''CPCISA low''
|-
|DMA||000h..00Fh||#FC00..#FC0F||#FE00..#FE0F
|-
|interrupt||020h..03Fh||#FC20..#FC3F||#FE20..#FE3F
|-
|counter||040h..05Fh||#FC40..#FC5F||#FE40..#FE5F
|-
|keyboard||060h..067h||#FC60..#FC67||#FE60..#FE67
|-
|RTC||070h..071h||#FC70..#FC71||#FE70..#FE71
|-
|DMA||080h..08Fh||#FC80..#FC8F||#FE80..#FE8F
|-
|DMA||0C0h..0DFh||#FCC0..#FCDF||#FEC0..#FEDF
|-
|interrupt||0A0h..0BFh||#FCA0..#FCBF||#FEA0..#FEBF
|-
|}

[[Category:Programming]] [[Category:Stub]]

I/O Port Summary

2007-01-21T21:25:07Z

83.26.224.50:

The is a list of all known I/O ports of the Amstrad CPC (copied from the [[FutureOS]] manual).

{|{{Prettytable|width: 700px; font-size: 2em;}}
|''I/O''||''Decoded as''||''Port''||''Read''||''Write''
|-
|#7FXX||%0xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx||[[Gate Array]]|| ||Write
|-
|#BCXX||%x0xxxx00 xxxxxxxx||6845 [[CRTC]] Address-Register|| - ||Write
|-
|#BDXX||%x0xxxx01 xxxxxxxx||6845 [[CRTC]] Data-Register|| - ||Write
|-
|#BEXX||%x0xxxx10 xxxxxxxx||6845 [[CRTC]] Status-Register||Read|| -
|-
|#BFXX||%x0xxxx11 xxxxxxxx||6845 [[CRTC]] Video-Address-Register||Read|| -
|-
|#DFXX||%xx0xxxxx xxxxxxxx||select ROM|| - ||Write
|-
|#EFXX||%xxx0xxxx xxxxxxxx||Printer Port|| - ||Write
|-
|#F4XX||%xxxx0x00 xxxxxxxx||8255 PIO Port A||Read||Write
|-
|#F5XX||%xxxx0x01 xxxxxxxx||8255 PIO Port B||Read|| -
|-
|#F6XX||%xxxx0x10 xxxxxxxx||8255 PIO Port C|| - ||Write
|-
|#F7XX||%xxxx0x11 xxxxxxxx||8255 PIO Control-Register|| - ||Write
|-
|#F8B0||?||Vidi-CPC Video-Digitiser||?||?
|-
|#F8B1||?||Vidi-CPC Video-Digitiser||?||?
|-
|#F8DC - #F8DD||?||CPCI Serial Interface||Read||Write
|-
|#F8E0||?||Z80 STI Indirect Data Register||Read||Write
|-
|#F8E1||?||Z80 STI Gen. Purpose I/O Interrupt||Read||Write
|-
|#F8E8||?||Z80 STI Pointer Vector Register||Read||Write
|-
|#F8E8||?||Music Machine|| - ||Write
|-
|#F8EC||?||Z80 STI USART Control Register||Read||Write
|-
|#F8EC||?||Music Machine|| - ||Write
|-
|#F8ED||?||Z80 STI Receiver Status Register||Read||Write
|-
|#F8EE||?||Z80 STI Transmitter Status Register||Read||Write
|-
|#F8EF||?||Z80 STI USART Data Register||Read||Write
|-
|#F8EF||?||Music Machine||Read|| -
|-
|#F8E2 - #F8E4||?||Dobbertin Eprommer 4003||?||?
|-
|#F8F0||?||Music Machine|| - ||Write
|-
|#F8F2||?||Dobbertin Eprommer 4003||?||?
|-
|#F8F4||?||Music Machine||Read|| -
|-
|#F8F8||?||Music Machine|| - ||Write
|-
|#F8FF||%1111100x 111xxxxx||CPCISA control port|| - ||Write
|-
|#F9B0||?||Vidi-CPC Video-Digitiser||?||?
|-
|#F9FC - #F9FE||?||Otten & Fecht 1 MB RAM-Disc||?||?
|-
|#FA7E||%xxxxxx0x0 0xxxxxxx||Floppy Motor Control|| - ||Write
|-
|#FADC||?||Z80-SIO / DART port A Data Register||Read||Write
|-
|#FADD||?||Z80-SIO / DART port A Control Reg.||Read||Write
|-
|#FADE||?||Z80-SIO / DART port B Data Register||Read||Write
|-
|#FADF||?||Z80-SIO / DART port B Control Reg.||Read||Write
|-
|#FB7E||%xxxxxx0x1 0xxxxxx0||765 FDC (internal) Status Register||Read|| -
|-
|#FB7F||%xxxxxx0x1 0xxxxxx1||765 FDC (internal) Data Register||Read||Write
|-
|#FBDC||?||8253 Timer counter 0||Read||Write
|-
|#FBDD||?||8253 Timer counter 1||Read||Write
|-
|#FBDE||?||8253 Timer counter 2||Read||Write
|-
|#FBDF||?||8253 Timer Modus Select|| - ||Write
|-
|#FBE0||?||Hard Disc Data Port||Read||Write
|-
|#FBE1||?||Hard Disc Status, Reset||Read||Write
|-
|#FBE2||?||Hard Disc Select, Configuration||Read||Write
|-
|#FBE3||?||Hard Disc DMA, Interrupt||Read||Write
|-
|#FBE4||?||Hard Disc Reset||Read||Write
|-
|#FBE0 - #FBE3||?||dk'tronics RTC.||?||?
|-
|#FBE8||?||dk'tronics RTC.||?||?
|-
|#FBEE||?||SSA1 dk'tronics Speech-Module||Read||Write
|-
|#FBF0 - #FBFF||?||Otten & Fecht 1 MB RAM-Disc||?||?
|-
|#FBF6||?||765 FDC (Vortex,ext) Status Register||Read|| -
|-
|#FBF7||?||765 FDC (Vortex,ext) Data Register||Read||Write
|-
|#FC00 - #FDFF||%1111110x xxxxxxxx||CPCISA 16bits mode high byte latch||Read||Write
|-
|#FD00 - #FD3F||?||SYMBiFACE II||Read||Write
|-
|#FE00 - #FFFF||%1111111x xxxxxxxx||CPCISA I/O access (low byte)||Read||Write
|-
|#FEE8||?||Multiface II||?||?
|-
|#FEEA||?||Multiface II||?||?
|-
|#FFXX||?||CPC Booster (XX=#00..#28 are used now)||Read||Write
|-
|}

CPCISA ports for ISA cards
{|{{Prettytable|width: 700px; font-size: 2em;}}
|''Device''||''PC I/O range''||''CPCISA high''||''CPCISA low''
|-
|IDE1||1F0h..1F7h||#FDF0..#FDF7||#FFF0..#FFF7
|-
|IDE2||170h..177h||#FD70..#FD77||#FF70..#FF77
|-
|Joystick||201h..201h||#FC01..#FC01||#FE01..#FE01
|-
|Ethernet||210h..21Fh||#FC10..#FC1F||#FE10..#FE1F
|-
|Sound Blaster||220h..23Fh||#FC20..#FC3F||#FE20..#FE3F
|-
|LPT2||278h..27Fh||#FC78..#FC7F||#FE78..#FE7F
|-
|COM1||2F8h..2FFh||#FCF8..#FCFF||#FEF8..#FEFF
|-
|MIDI'||300h..301h||#FD00..#FD01||#FF00..#FF01
|-
|MIDI||330h..331h||#FD30..#FD31||#FF30..#FF31
|-
|Sound control||370h..371h||#FD70..#FD71||#FF70..#FF71
|-
|FDC1||372h..377h||#FD72..#FD77||#FF72..#FF77
|-
|LPT1||378h..37Fh||#FD78..#FD7F||#FF78..#FF7F
|-
|Sound AD-LIB||388h..38Bh||#FD88..#FD8B||#FF88..#FF8B
|-
|VGA||3B0h..3BBh||#FDB0..#FDBB||#FFB0..#FFBB
|-
|LPT3||3BCh..3BFh||#FDBC..#FDBF||#FFBC..#FFBF
|-
|VGA||3C0h..3DFh||#FDC0..#FDCF||#FFC0..#FFCF
|-
|FDC1||3F2h..3F7h||#FDF2..#FDF7||#FFF2..#FFF7
|-
|COM1||3F8h..3FFh||#FDF8..#FDFF||#FFF8..#FFFF
|-
|}

CPCISA ports for ISA motherboard
{|{{Prettytable|width: 700px; font-size: 2em;}}
|''Device''||''PC I/O range''||''CPCISA high''||''CPCISA low''
|-
|DMA||000h..00Fh||#FC00..#FC0F||#FE00..#FE0F
|-
|interrupt||020h..03Fh||#FC20..#FC3F||#FE20..#FE3F
|-
|counter||040h..05Fh||#FC40..#FC5F||#FE40..#FE5F
|-
|keyboard||060h..067h||#FC60..#FC67||#FE60..#FE67
|-
|RTC||070h..071h||#FC70..#FC71||#FE70..#FE71
|-
|DMA||080h..08Fh||#FC80..#FC8F||#FE80..#FE8F
|-
|DMA||0C0h..0DFh||#FCC0..#FCDF||#FEC0..#FEDF
|-
|interrupt||0A0h..0BFh||#FCA0..#FCBF||#FEA0..#FEBF
|-
|}

[[Category:Programming]] [[Category:Stub]]

I/O Port Summary

2007-01-21T21:22:20Z

83.26.224.50:

The is a list of all known I/O ports of the Amstrad CPC (copied from the [[FutureOS]] manual).

{|{{Prettytable|width: 700px; font-size: 2em;}}
|''I/O''||''Binary''||''Port''||''Read''||''Write''
|-
|#7FXX||%0xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx||[[Gate Array]]|| ||Write
|-
|#BCXX||%x0xxxx00 xxxxxxxx||6845 [[CRTC]] Address-Register|| - ||Write
|-
|#BDXX||%x0xxxx01 xxxxxxxx||6845 [[CRTC]] Data-Register|| - ||Write
|-
|#BEXX||%x0xxxx10 xxxxxxxx||6845 [[CRTC]] Status-Register||Read|| -
|-
|#BFXX||%x0xxxx11 xxxxxxxx||6845 [[CRTC]] Video-Address-Register||Read|| -
|-
|#DFXX||%xx0xxxxx xxxxxxxx||select ROM|| - ||Write
|-
|#EFXX||%xxx0xxxx xxxxxxxx||Printer Port|| - ||Write
|-
|#F4XX||%xxxx0x00 xxxxxxxx||8255 PIO Port A||Read||Write
|-
|#F5XX||%xxxx0x01 xxxxxxxx||8255 PIO Port B||Read|| -
|-
|#F6XX||%xxxx0x10 xxxxxxxx||8255 PIO Port C|| - ||Write
|-
|#F7XX||%xxxx0x11 xxxxxxxx||8255 PIO Control-Register|| - ||Write
|-
|#F8B0||?||Vidi-CPC Video-Digitiser||?||?
|-
|#F8B1||?||Vidi-CPC Video-Digitiser||?||?
|-
|#F8DC - #F8DD||?||CPCI Serial Interface||Read||Write
|-
|#F8E0||?||Z80 STI Indirect Data Register||Read||Write
|-
|#F8E1||?||Z80 STI Gen. Purpose I/O Interrupt||Read||Write
|-
|#F8E8||?||Z80 STI Pointer Vector Register||Read||Write
|-
|#F8E8||?||Music Machine|| - ||Write
|-
|#F8EC||?||Z80 STI USART Control Register||Read||Write
|-
|#F8EC||?||Music Machine|| - ||Write
|-
|#F8ED||?||Z80 STI Receiver Status Register||Read||Write
|-
|#F8EE||?||Z80 STI Transmitter Status Register||Read||Write
|-
|#F8EF||?||Z80 STI USART Data Register||Read||Write
|-
|#F8EF||?||Music Machine||Read|| -
|-
|#F8E2 - #F8E4||?||Dobbertin Eprommer 4003||?||?
|-
|#F8F0||?||Music Machine|| - ||Write
|-
|#F8F2||?||Dobbertin Eprommer 4003||?||?
|-
|#F8F4||?||Music Machine||Read|| -
|-
|#F8F8||?||Music Machine|| - ||Write
|-
|#F8FF||%1111100x 111xxxxx||CPCISA control port|| - ||Write
|-
|#F9B0||?||Vidi-CPC Video-Digitiser||?||?
|-
|#F9FC - #F9FE||?||Otten & Fecht 1 MB RAM-Disc||?||?
|-
|#FA7E||%xxxxxx0x0 0xxxxxxx||Floppy Motor Control|| - ||Write
|-
|#FADC||?||Z80-SIO / DART port A Data Register||Read||Write
|-
|#FADD||?||Z80-SIO / DART port A Control Reg.||Read||Write
|-
|#FADE||?||Z80-SIO / DART port B Data Register||Read||Write
|-
|#FADF||?||Z80-SIO / DART port B Control Reg.||Read||Write
|-
|#FB7E||%xxxxxx0x1 0xxxxxx0||765 FDC (internal) Status Register||Read|| -
|-
|#FB7F||%xxxxxx0x1 0xxxxxx1||765 FDC (internal) Data Register||Read||Write
|-
|#FBDC||?||8253 Timer counter 0||Read||Write
|-
|#FBDD||?||8253 Timer counter 1||Read||Write
|-
|#FBDE||?||8253 Timer counter 2||Read||Write
|-
|#FBDF||?||8253 Timer Modus Select|| - ||Write
|-
|#FBE0||?||Hard Disc Data Port||Read||Write
|-
|#FBE1||?||Hard Disc Status, Reset||Read||Write
|-
|#FBE2||?||Hard Disc Select, Configuration||Read||Write
|-
|#FBE3||?||Hard Disc DMA, Interrupt||Read||Write
|-
|#FBE4||?||Hard Disc Reset||Read||Write
|-
|#FBE0 - #FBE3||?||dk'tronics RTC.||?||?
|-
|&FBE8||?||dk'tronics RTC.||?||?
|-
|#FBEE||?||SSA1 dk'tronics Speech-Module||Read||Write
|-
|#FBF0 - #FBFF||?||Otten & Fecht 1 MB RAM-Disc||?||?
|-
|#FBF6||?||765 FDC (Vortex,ext) Status Register||Read|| -
|-
|#FBF7||?||765 FDC (Vortex,ext) Data Register||Read||Write
|-
|#FC00 - #FDFF||%1111110x xxxxxxxx||CPCISA 16bits mode high byte latch||Read||Write
|-
|#FD00 - #FD3F||?||SYMBiFACE II||Read||Write
|-
|#FE00 - #FFFF||%1111111x xxxxxxxx||CPCISA I/O access (low byte)||Read||Write
|-
|#FEE8||?||Multiface II||?||?
|-
|#FEEA||?||Multiface II||?||?
|-
|#FFXX||?||CPC Booster (XX=#00..#28 are used now)||Read||Write
|-
|}

CPCISA ports for ISA cards
{|{{Prettytable|width: 700px; font-size: 2em;}}
|''Device''||''PC I/O range''||''CPCISA high''||''CPCISA low''
|-
|IDE1||1F0h..1F7h||#FDF0..#FDF7||#FFF0..#FFF7
|-
|IDE2||170h..177h||#FD70..#FD77||#FF70..#FF77
|-
|Joystick||201h..201h||#FC01..#FC01||#FE01..#FE01
|-
|Ethernet||210h..21Fh||#FC10..#FC1F||#FE10..#FE1F
|-
|Sound Blaster||220h..23Fh||#FC20..#FC3F||#FE20..#FE3F
|-
|LPT2||278h..27Fh||#FC78..#FC7F||#FE78..#FE7F
|-
|COM1||2F8h..2FFh||#FCF8..#FCFF||#FEF8..#FEFF
|-
|MIDI'||300h..301h||#FD00..#FD01||#FF00..#FF01
|-
|MIDI||330h..331h||#FD30..#FD31||#FF30..#FF31
|-
|Sound control||370h..371h||#FD70..#FD71||#FF70..#FF71
|-
|FDC1||372h..377h||#FD72..#FD77||#FF72..#FF77
|-
|LPT1||378h..37Fh||#FD78..#FD7F||#FF78..#FF7F
|-
|Sound AD-LIB||388h..38Bh||#FD88..#FD8B||#FF88..#FF8B
|-
|VGA||3B0h..3BBh||#FDB0..#FDBB||#FFB0..#FFBB
|-
|LPT3||3BCh..3BFh||#FDBC..#FDBF||#FFBC..#FFBF
|-
|VGA||3C0h..3DFh||#FDC0..#FDCF||#FFC0..#FFCF
|-
|FDC1||3F2h..3F7h||#FDF2..#FDF7||#FFF2..#FFF7
|-
|COM1||3F8h..3FFh||#FDF8..#FDFF||#FFF8..#FFFF
|-
|}

CPCISA ports for ISA motherboard
{|{{Prettytable|width: 700px; font-size: 2em;}}
|''Device''||''PC I/O range''||''CPCISA high''||''CPCISA low''
|-
|DMA||000h..00Fh||#FC00..#FC0F||#FE00..#FE0F
|-
|interrupt||020h..03Fh||#FC20..#FC3F||#FE20..#FE3F
|-
|counter||040h..05Fh||#FC40..#FC5F||#FE40..#FE5F
|-
|keyboard||060h..067h||#FC60..#FC67||#FE60..#FE67
|-
|RTC||070h..071h||#FC70..#FC71||#FE70..#FE71
|-
|DMA||080h..08Fh||#FC80..#FC8F||#FE80..#FE8F
|-
|DMA||0C0h..0DFh||#FCC0..#FCDF||#FEC0..#FEDF
|-
|interrupt||0A0h..0BFh||#FCA0..#FCBF||#FEA0..#FEBF
|-
|}

[[Category:Programming]] [[Category:Stub]]

SYMBiFACE II:Rewriteable roms

2007-01-14T14:21:09Z

83.26.251.89: /* Mechanisms */

This article decribes, how to map the '''rewriteable ROMs''' of the [[SYMBiFACE II]] card into the ram area, so that you can change its content.

== Mechanisms ==

Please note, that the following commands ignore all values. So it doesn't matter, what you "out". When you "inp" you won't get any senseless numbers.

{|{{Prettytable|width: 700px; font-size: 2em;}}
|'''INP &FD17''' || show the current ROM (selected by #df00) between #4000 and #7fff. Now it can be read and rewritten.
|-
|'''OUT &FD17''' || disable the previouse mentioned ROM write mode.
|-
|'''OUT &FD11''' || disable all SYMBiFACE II Roms. You won't see any additional ROMS anymore, only the CPCs' inbuilt ones.
|-
|'''INP &FD11''' || enable the SYMBiFACE II roms.
|}

== See also ==

* [[Programming:SYMBiFACE_II|SYMBiFACE II documentations]]

[[Category:Programming]]

I/O Port Summary

2007-01-14T14:14:15Z

83.26.251.89:

The is a list of all known I/O ports of the Amstrad CPC (copied from the [[FutureOS]] manual).

{|{{Prettytable|width: 700px; font-size: 2em;}}
|''I/O''||''Port''||''Read''||''Write''
|-
|#7FXX||[[Gate Array]]|| ||Write
|-
|#BCXX||6845 [[CRTC]] Address-Register|| - ||Write
|-
|#BDXX||6845 [[CRTC]] Data-Register|| - ||Write
|-
|#BEXX||6845 [[CRTC]] Status-Register||Read|| -
|-
|#BFXX||6845 [[CRTC]] Video-Address-Register||Read|| -
|-
|#DFXX||select ROM|| - ||Write
|-
|#EFXX||Printer Port|| - ||Write
|-
|#F4XX||8255 PIO Port A||Read||Write
|-
|#F5XX||8255 PIO Port B||Read|| -
|-
|#F6XX||8255 PIO Port C|| - ||Write
|-
|#F7XX||8255 PIO Control-Register|| - ||Write
|-
|#F8B0||Vidi-CPC Video-Digitiser||?||?
|-
|#F8B1||Vidi-CPC Video-Digitiser||?||?
|-
|#F8DC - #F8DD||CPCI Serial Interface||Read||Write
|-
|#F8E0||Z80 STI Indirect Data Register||Read||Write
|-
|#F8E1||Z80 STI Gen. Purpose I/O Interrupt||Read||Write
|-
|#F8E8||Z80 STI Pointer Vector Register||Read||Write
|-
|#F8E8||Music Machine|| - ||Write
|-
|#F8EC||Z80 STI USART Control Register||Read||Write
|-
|#F8EC||Music Machine|| - ||Write
|-
|#F8ED||Z80 STI Receiver Status Register||Read||Write
|-
|#F8EE||Z80 STI Transmitter Status Register||Read||Write
|-
|#F8EF||Z80 STI USART Data Register||Read||Write
|-
|#F8EF||Music Machine||Read|| -
|-
|#F8E2 - #F8E4||Dobbertin Eprommer 4003||?||?
|-
|#F8F0||Music Machine|| - ||Write
|-
|#F8F2||Dobbertin Eprommer 4003||?||?
|-
|#F8F4||Music Machine||Read|| -
|-
|#F8F8||Music Machine|| - ||Write
|-
|#F8FF||CPCISA control port|| - ||Write
|-
|#F9B0||Vidi-CPC Video-Digitiser||?||?
|-
|#F9FC - #F9FE||Otten & Fecht 1 MB RAM-Disc||?||?
|-
|#FA7E||Floppy Motor Control|| - ||Write
|-
|#FADC||Z80-SIO / DART port A Data Register||Read||Write
|-
|#FADD||Z80-SIO / DART port A Control Reg.||Read||Write
|-
|#FADE||Z80-SIO / DART port B Data Register||Read||Write
|-
|#FADF||Z80-SIO / DART port B Control Reg.||Read||Write
|-
|#FB7E||765 FDC (internal) Status Register||Read|| -
|-
|#FB7F||765 FDC (internal) Data Register||Read||Write
|-
|#FBDC||8253 Timer counter 0||Read||Write
|-
|#FBDD||8253 Timer counter 1||Read||Write
|-
|#FBDE||8253 Timer counter 2||Read||Write
|-
|#FBDF||8253 Timer Modus Select|| - ||Write
|-
|#FBE0||Hard Disc Data Port||Read||Write
|-
|#FBE1||Hard Disc Status, Reset||Read||Write
|-
|#FBE2||Hard Disc Select, Configuration||Read||Write
|-
|#FBE3||Hard Disc DMA, Interrupt||Read||Write
|-
|#FBE4||Hard Disc Reset||Read||Write
|-
|#FBE0 - #FBE3||dk'tronics RTC.||?||?
|-
|&FBE8||dk'tronics RTC.||?||?
|-
|#FBEE||SSA1 dk'tronics Speech-Module||Read||Write
|-
|#FBF0 - #FBFF||Otten & Fecht 1 MB RAM-Disc||?||?
|-
|#FBF6||765 FDC (Vortex,ext) Status Register||Read|| -
|-
|#FBF7||765 FDC (Vortex,ext) Data Register||Read||Write
|-
|#FC00 - #FDFF||CPCISA 16bits mode high byte latch||Read||Write
|-
|#FD00 - #FD3F||SYMBiFACE II||Read||Write
|-
|#FE00 - #FFFF||CPCISA I/O access (low byte)||Read||Write
|-
|#FEE8||Multiface II||?||?
|-
|#FEEA||Multiface II||?||?
|-
|#FFXX||CPC Booster (XX=#00..#28 are used now)||Read||Write
|-
|}

CPCISA ports for ISA cards
{|{{Prettytable|width: 700px; font-size: 2em;}}
|''Device''||''PC I/O range''||''CPCISA high''||''CPCISA low''
|-
|IDE1||1F0h..1F7h||#FDF0..#FDF7||#FFF0..#FFF7
|-
|IDE2||170h..177h||#FD70..#FD77||#FF70..#FF77
|-
|Joystick||201h..201h||#FC01..#FC01||#FE01..#FE01
|-
|Ethernet||210h..21Fh||#FC10..#FC1F||#FE10..#FE1F
|-
|Sound Blaster||220h..23Fh||#FC20..#FC3F||#FE20..#FE3F
|-
|LPT2||278h..27Fh||#FC78..#FC7F||#FE78..#FE7F
|-
|COM1||2F8h..2FFh||#FCF8..#FCFF||#FEF8..#FEFF
|-
|MIDI'||300h..301h||#FD00..#FD01||#FF00..#FF01
|-
|MIDI||330h..331h||#FD30..#FD31||#FF30..#FF31
|-
|Sound control||370h..371h||#FD70..#FD71||#FF70..#FF71
|-
|FDC1||372h..377h||#FD72..#FD77||#FF72..#FF77
|-
|LPT1||378h..37Fh||#FD78..#FD7F||#FF78..#FF7F
|-
|Sound AD-LIB||388h..38Bh||#FD88..#FD8B||#FF88..#FF8B
|-
|VGA||3B0h..3BBh||#FDB0..#FDBB||#FFB0..#FFBB
|-
|LPT3||3BCh..3BFh||#FDBC..#FDBF||#FFBC..#FFBF
|-
|VGA||3C0h..3DFh||#FDC0..#FDCF||#FFC0..#FFCF
|-
|FDC1||3F2h..3F7h||#FDF2..#FDF7||#FFF2..#FFF7
|-
|COM1||3F8h..3FFh||#FDF8..#FDFF||#FFF8..#FFFF
|-
|}

CPCISA ports for ISA motherboard
{|{{Prettytable|width: 700px; font-size: 2em;}}
|''Device''||''PC I/O range''||''CPCISA high''||''CPCISA low''
|-
|DMA||000h..00Fh||#FC00..#FC0F||#FE00..#FE0F
|-
|interrupt||020h..03Fh||#FC20..#FC3F||#FE20..#FE3F
|-
|counter||040h..05Fh||#FC40..#FC5F||#FE40..#FE5F
|-
|keyboard||060h..067h||#FC60..#FC67||#FE60..#FE67
|-
|RTC||070h..071h||#FC70..#FC71||#FE70..#FE71
|-
|DMA||080h..08Fh||#FC80..#FC8F||#FE80..#FE8F
|-
|DMA||0C0h..0DFh||#FCC0..#FCDF||#FEC0..#FEDF
|-
|interrupt||0A0h..0BFh||#FCA0..#FCBF||#FEA0..#FEBF
|-
|}

[[Category:Programming]] [[Category:Stub]]

I/O Port Summary

2007-01-14T14:11:13Z

83.26.251.89:

I/O Port Summary

2007-01-14T12:35:24Z

83.26.251.89:

I/O Port Summary

2007-01-10T21:30:51Z

83.26.213.238:

News and Projects

2006-09-27T20:53:00Z

83.26.114.21: /* Projects */

== News ==

This is an overview of the last CPC related news. You will find a complete list of all news in the '''[[News:Archive|news archive]]'''.

* 2006-09-27: [[Croco Chanel N°4]] CPC meeting near Paris (France) in May 2007 call for attenders !
* 2006-09-16: [[CPCE]] v1.61 has been released
* 2006-11-18: [[WACCI]] and [[comp.sys.amstrad.8bit|CSA8]] social meet-up, at the Pillars of Hercules pub, Greek St, London
* 09/12/2006: [[News:CPC forever|Third issue of CPC forever released]]
* 09/09/2006: [[News:CPC 'number of balls' record broken with the release of Boules et Bits]]
* 09/03/2006: [[News:Burgparty 2 will take place in december in Germany|Burgparty 2 will take place in december in Germany]]
* 09/01/2006: [[News:Freax Art Album released|Freax Art Album released]]
* 09/01/2006: [[News:New CEZGS game Phantomas saga Infinity|New CEZGS game Phantomas saga Infinity]]
* 08/28/2006: [[News:XzentriX 2006 party in South Germany|XzentriX 2006 party in South Germany]]
* 08/24/2006: [[News:WinApe 2.0 Alpha 9 has been released and moved to a new domain|WinApe 2.0 Alpha 9B has been released and moved to a new domain]]
* 08/19/2006: [[News:ManageDsk v1.5 has been released|ManageDsk v1.5 has been released]]
* 08/15/2006: [[News:WinCPC with a new domain and soon a new version including SYMBiFACE II support|WinCPC with a new domain and soon a new version including SYMBiFACE II support]]
* 08/01/2006: [[News:CPCE v1.60 has been released|CPCE v1.60 has been released]]

== Projects ==

This is a list of big CPC related projects, which are currently active. This list does not contain previews of unreleased productions or [[Emulators|CPC emulators]].

* [[CPCng]]
* [[FutureOS]]
* [[SYMBiFACE II]] expansion card
* [[SymbOS]] and [[SymStudio]]
* [[CPCISA by Yarek]]

Peripherals

2006-09-27T20:52:03Z

83.26.114.21: /* Multi function expansions */

''Please try to keep things in alphabetical order.''

== Data transfer ==

* [[AMSSIO]] (RS232 interface) (DIY)
* [[Amstrad Serial Interface]]
* [[Cirkit serial interface]]
* [[Commstar v21/23 modem]]
* [[CPCI RS232 Interface]] (DIY)
* [[Digitelec DTL 2000/2100 Modem]]
* [[KDS Electronics Serial Interface]]
* [[Virtual Net 96]] ([[Wizcat]])

== Digitizer ==

* ARA digitizer
* [[Dart Scanner for DMP-Printers]]
* [[VIDI digitizer]]

== Disc drives and hard discs ==

* [[3 1/2" & 5 1/4" Disk Drives]]
* [[Amstrad Disk Drive|Amstrad DDI-1 Disk Drive]]
* [[Amstrad Disk Drive|Amstrad FD-1 Disk Drive]]
* [[Cumana 3" Disk Drive]]
* [[Dobbertin Harddisc]]
* [[Jasmin AM5D 5 "1/4 floppy drive]]
* [[KDS Electronics]] [[KDS 5 1/4" Drive|5 1/4" Disc Drive]]
* [[Vortex Computersysteme#F1|Vortex F1/D]]
* [[Vortex Computersysteme#F1|Vortex F1/S]]
* [[Vortex Computersysteme#F1|Vortex F1-X(RS)]]
* [[Vortex Computersysteme#F1|Vortex F1/Z]]
* [[Vortex Computersysteme#M1|Vortex M1/D]]
* [[Vortex Computersysteme#M1|Vortex M1/S]]
* [[Vortex Computersysteme#M1|Vortex M1-X(RS)]]
* [[Vortex Computersysteme#M1|Vortex M1/Z]]
* [[Vortex Winchester Drive]]

== Guns ==

* [[Gunstick]]
* [[Lightgun ( Trojan )]]
* [[Amstrad Magnum Phaser|Magnun Light Phaser ]]
* [[Loriciel Phaser (West Phaser)|West Phaser ( Loriciel )]]

== Hardware debuggers/Hacking devices ==

* [[Hackit|Hackit / Le Hacker ( Siren Software )]]
* [[Mirage Imager]]
* [[Multiface II|Multiface II ( Romantic Robot )]]
* [[Transtape|Transtape ( Hard Micro )]]

== Input devices ==

* [[Amstrad JY-1/JY-2 joysticks]]
* [[Amstrad LP-1 light pen]]
* [[ASS]] Light-Pen
* [[CPCKey|Attaching a AT keyboard to the CPC]]
* [[dk'tronics Lightpen]]
* [[Grafpad II]]
* [[Joystick Y-cables]]
* [[Light Pen "Professionel" / Mark II]]

== Memory expansions ==

* [[CPC4MB| CPC4MB - 4 MB memory expansion]]
* [[HX-RX1|Cirkit HX-RX1 Rom Expansion Card]]
* [[dk'tronics memory expansion]]
* [[dk'tronics Silicon Disc]]
* [[Dobbertin EPROM 224]]
* [[Dobbertin Memory Expansion]]
* [[Dobbertin]] [[Universeller EPROM Programmer 4004]]
* [[Microstyle Romboard Xtra]]
* [[RAM BOX]] 512Kb memory expansion
* [[Ramcard]] (RAM7 Writeable ROM expansion)
* [[RAM7 2Mb memory expansion]]
* [[Rombo Rombox]]
* [[X-ROM]] ROM expansion and ROM burner
* [[Vortex Computersysteme#SP|Vortex SP 64 - SP 512]] RAM expansion
* [[Inicron RAM-Box]]
* [[Inicron ROM-RAM-Box]]
* [[Micro Power ROM Box]]

== Mouse ==

* [[AMX Mouse|Advanced Memory Systems AMX Mouse]]
* [[Atari-ST mouse adapter]]
* [[dk'tronics Mouse Interface]]
* [[Gerdes|Gerdes Mouse]]
* [[Centaure mouse]]
* [[ASS Reis-Mouse]]
* [[Wireless mouse (DIY)]]

== Monitors ==

* Amstrad [[CM14]] Colour Monitor
* Amstrad [[CTM640]]/CTM644 Color Monitor
* Amstrad [[GT64]]/GT65 Green Monitor
* Amstrad [[MM12]] Monochrome Monitor
* Amstrad [[MP1]]/MP2 modulator
* CPCAI HF-modulator (CPC Schneider International 11/1986, Page 78ff. Someone please scan it, my issue lacks those pages!)
* [[MP2F|Amstrad MP-2F Scart Adapter]]
* [[MP-3|Amstrad MP-3 TV modulator for CTM 64x]]
* [[TV SCART cable]]

== Multi function expansions ==

* [[CPC Booster|CPC Booster/CPC Booster+]]
* [[SYMBiFACE II]]
* [[CPCMax!]]
* [[CPCISA by Yarek]]

== Printers ==

* Amstrad [[DMP1]] printer
* Amstrad/Schneider [[DMP2000]] Printer
* Amstrad/Schneider [[DMP2100]] Printer
* Amstrad [[DMP2160]] printer
* Amstrad [[DMP3000]] printer
* Amstrad [[DMP3160]] printer
* Amstrad [[DMP3250]] printer
* Amstrad [[DMP4000]] printer
* [[Robotron 6313|EuroPrint FT80X]]
* [[Robotron 6313|Präsident 6320]]
* [[Robotron 6313]]
* [[NLQ401|Schneider NLQ401]]
* [[Star Printers]]

== Synthesizer, sampler and music related ==

* [[Amdrum]]
* [[Amstrad SSA-1 Speech Synthesizer]]
* [[Digiblaster]]
* [[Digivox sampler]]
* [[dk'tronics Speech Synthesizer]]
* [[EMR MIDI Interface]]
* [[Music Machine]]
* [[Silicon Systems MIDI Interface]]
* [[Sound Blaster ( Siren Software )]]
* [[TechniMusique speech synthetizer]]
* [[TMPI speech synthetizer]]

== Miscellaneous ==

* 64 Kb Printer Buffer (DIY)
* [[Amstore|Northern Computers Amstore]]
* CPCISA
* dk'tronics Real Time Clock
* dk'tronics Utopia OS
* Dobbertin Real Time Clock
* FO-Dos card
* [[Fischertechnik robot]]
* [[Graphiscop II]]
* HDCPC
* [[Kersten PC Emulator]]
* Loritel
* [[Real Time Clock]] (DIY)
* [[RAM7 Cartridge Hacker]]
* Robot (DIY)
* [[TC-1|Amstrad TC-1 Radio/Alarm-Clock]]
* [[Split Extension Connector|Cheetah Marketing Split Extension Connector]]
* [[KDS Electronics]] [[KDS Power Controller|Power Controller]]

News and Projects

2006-09-27T20:47:17Z

83.26.114.21: /* Projects */

News and Projects

2006-09-27T20:45:16Z

83.26.114.21: /* Projects */

Bajtek

2006-09-26T18:18:43Z

83.26.118.161: /* 1987 */

Bajtek was one of most popular Polish computer magazines at it times.

== History ==
[[image:Bajtek_01_85.jpg|right|thumb|First issue of Bajtek]]
Bajtek was started in 1985 by Władysław Majewski, an editor of "Przegląd - Komputer" - insertion added to "Przegląd Techniczny". First issue would be published by "Krajowe Wydawnictwo Czasopism", but because it was started 'ad hoc', it didn't have paper allowance (dear reader - please remember, at this time Poland was a communist country), so it had to borrow paper. The "Sztandar Młodych" (Youth Banner), the newspaper of ZMP (Polish Youth Association - an organ of the communist party for the young communists) decided to lend paper for the Bajtek, and the first issue could be printed. It was continued by three other issues during the 1985 and all 200000 copies were sold on spot.

The "Sztandar Młodych" editor liked the idea of a computer magazine adresed at the young computer entusiasts (rather than at computer scientists - as all other polish computer magazines, at that time did), so much, that he decided to take it over.

[[image:Bajtek 01 86.jpg|right|thumb|First full-color issue of Bajtek. Also notice the new logo]]
In the Fall of 1985, The editor of "Sztandar Młodych" Aleksander Kwaśniewski (who will later became President of Poland) become "minister do spraw młodzieży" (Youth minister? minister in matter of youth? Blah, communistic 'nomenclature' is really hard to translate and my english ain't good too), and his first decision, was to make Bajtek, a part of the "Sztandar Młodych" publishing house. Since 1986, until 1989 Bajtek was published by "Sztandar Młodych".

In the year 1989, thanks to the 'Round Table', there were many changes in Poland. One of the most important, was the closing of the Office of Censorship and stoping of the press regulation. With that (and many other changes), Bajtek was divided from the "Sztandar Młodych" and continued on it own, published by Bajtek Publishing House, an co-operative stared by Bajtek redactors. It ran down until 1996, when bancrupcy of Agrobank had bringed Bajtek Publishing House to it's knees, eventualy bancrupting it too.

== Bajtek and CPC ==

On the beginning, Bajtek had mainly articles about computers from "private import" (more communistic 'nomenclature'), particulary about ZX Spectrum, which became quite popular in Poland in the first half of the 80'ies, mainly because of it's price. In the 1986, there was an advent of 'clans' - subparts of Bajtek, each dedicated to only one machine/producer (All Ataris, All Commodores and so on).

By that time, the popularity of the CPC in Poland was rising. That was, to the simple fact, that CPC were (thanks to CP/M+ and 80 column mode) considered as cheap alternative to IBM PC and other 'professional machines'. Personally, I've heard about CPC applications in scientific calculations, witch on it own shows how this trend was strong. That was because even institutions (like universities) couldn't allow themselfs for substantial amounts of PCs. Poland was (at that time) very poor country and high exchange rates added to the problem. Also, there was COCOM, which meant that really big machines were out-of-reach.

Also, the bulit-in Cetronics port of the Schneiders allowed very easy producing of so called "Publikacje bezdebitowe" ('debitless' publications). Debit is a word from french, meaning 'to sell', 'place of selling' and 'bez-' is a polish word for "without". At that time, if you wanted to distribute your publication, you had to have 'debit', an allowance from Office of Censorship. So, in short, "bezdebitowe" or 'debitless' publications were illegal 'papers' distributed by underground. As they usally been produced in quantities of around 200 copies, The CPC with good NLQ printer and possibly a copier was all you need to fight with communism. Needless to say, CPC became quite popular in underground.

Thanks to that, CPC was noticed by Bajtek and The "Klan Amstrada/Schneidera", a clan for the CPC and PCW computers was also formed. Unfortunatly, because of the typical profile of polish CPC users, polish 'scene' never formed, so there weren't autors in "CPC clan" who could portrey the "Colour in CPC". Most articles was about practical applications of CPC and PCW.

Bajtek continued to publish articles about CPC and PCW until 1994.

== List of articles releated to CPC ==
(''As no other wiki editor could do it, I'll make that list, but this will take some time. Some of my Bajteks were lost when I've moved, others still aren't here... But should be by the end of this year'')

=== 1986 ===

{|{{Prettytable|font-size: 2em;}}
|''Title''||''Title translation''||''Issue''||''Page''
|-
|Arnold - Rozmowa z Joe Oki||Arnold - interview with Joe Oki||5-6/1986[''1'']||6
|-
|CPC 464||n/a||5-6/1986||10
|-
|Mini organy||Mini organ||5-6/1986||12
|-
|Drugi drążek sterowy||Second Joystick||5-6/1986||13
|-
|Pisać zamiast pisac||Imposible to translate - this was article about polish diacritical signs||5-6/1986||13
|-
|Animacja||Animation||5-6/1986||14
|-
|Zabezpieczenia||Protections||7/1986||19
|-
|Odzyskiwanie plików omyłkowo skasowanych na dyskietce (6128)||Recovering data deleted from disc by accident (6128)||7/1986||19
|-
|CPC 6128||n/a||8/1986||8
|-
|Menu dysku||Disc menu||8/1986||8
|-
|AMX dla myszy||AMX for mouse||8/1986||9
|-
|Ekran na papierze||Screen on paper||8/1986||10
|-
|Zegar dla Amstrada||Clock for Amstrad||8/1986||10
|-
|Lista zmiennych||variables list||8/1986||11
|-
|Powiększanie napisów||Enlarging the Signs||8/1986||11
|-
|Jednoręki bandyta||Blackjack (?)||9/1986||12
|-
|Magnetofon i Amstrad||Amstrad and the tape recorder||9/1986||14
|-
|Jak odbezpieczyc program w BASIC-u||How to unprotect BASIC program||9/1986||14
|-
|Test oczu i uszu||Test your eyes and ears||10/1986||14
|-
||Muzyka robota||Robot's music||10/1986||14
|-
|Transmat||???||10/1986||15
|-
|Polskie litery||Polish letter (again about polish diacritical signs)||11/1986||8
|-
|Trochę ruchu...||Some movement...||11/1986||8
|-
|Pamięć pod lupą||Memory under magnifing glass||11/1986||9
|-
|Amstrad PC 1512||n/a||12/1986||11
|-
|Circle||n/a||12/1986||11
|-
|Ruchome literki||Moving letters||12/1986||11
|}
[''1''] - Troughout the 1986, there were some problems with continous publishing, so there were couple of bi-monthly issues

=== 1987 ===

{|{{Prettytable|font-size: 2em;}}
|''Title''||''Title translation''||''Issue''||''Page''
|-
|PCW8512||n/a||1/1987||20
|-
|Co piszczy pod klawiaturą (1-12)||What squeaks under the keyboard (part 1 to 12)||1-12/1987||[''1'']
|-
|Węże||Snakes||2/1987||11
|-
|Programy biurowe||Office applications||2/1987||12
|-
|Zmiana krojów pisma||Font changing||4/1987||15
|-
|BASIC CPC 464||n/a||5/1987||14
|-
|Jezyki programowania||Programming languages||6/1987||13
|-
|Drukarka?||Printer?||6/1987||14
|-
|Instalacja polskich liter w CP/M PLUS dla CPC6128||Installation of polish letters under CP/M PLUS for CPC 6128||8/1987||13
|-
|Firma||Firm||10/1987||14
|-
|Uczymy mówić CPC 464, 664, 6128||Teach CPC 464, 664, 6128 to speak||11/1987||13
|-
|Katalog||Catalog||12/1987||12
|}
[''1''] - This article was 12 part, each one had been on diffrent page. I could list 12 entries, each one stating the correct page number, but, as I don't think, any of You collect Bajtek(now or will in the future), I don't see the point.
[[Category:CPC Press]] [[Category: Magazines]] [[Category:Stub]]

Bajtek

2006-09-26T18:17:52Z

83.26.118.161: /* 1986 */

Bajtek was one of most popular Polish computer magazines at it times.

== History ==
[[image:Bajtek_01_85.jpg|right|thumb|First issue of Bajtek]]
Bajtek was started in 1985 by Władysław Majewski, an editor of "Przegląd - Komputer" - insertion added to "Przegląd Techniczny". First issue would be published by "Krajowe Wydawnictwo Czasopism", but because it was started 'ad hoc', it didn't have paper allowance (dear reader - please remember, at this time Poland was a communist country), so it had to borrow paper. The "Sztandar Młodych" (Youth Banner), the newspaper of ZMP (Polish Youth Association - an organ of the communist party for the young communists) decided to lend paper for the Bajtek, and the first issue could be printed. It was continued by three other issues during the 1985 and all 200000 copies were sold on spot.

The "Sztandar Młodych" editor liked the idea of a computer magazine adresed at the young computer entusiasts (rather than at computer scientists - as all other polish computer magazines, at that time did), so much, that he decided to take it over.

[[image:Bajtek 01 86.jpg|right|thumb|First full-color issue of Bajtek. Also notice the new logo]]
In the Fall of 1985, The editor of "Sztandar Młodych" Aleksander Kwaśniewski (who will later became President of Poland) become "minister do spraw młodzieży" (Youth minister? minister in matter of youth? Blah, communistic 'nomenclature' is really hard to translate and my english ain't good too), and his first decision, was to make Bajtek, a part of the "Sztandar Młodych" publishing house. Since 1986, until 1989 Bajtek was published by "Sztandar Młodych".

In the year 1989, thanks to the 'Round Table', there were many changes in Poland. One of the most important, was the closing of the Office of Censorship and stoping of the press regulation. With that (and many other changes), Bajtek was divided from the "Sztandar Młodych" and continued on it own, published by Bajtek Publishing House, an co-operative stared by Bajtek redactors. It ran down until 1996, when bancrupcy of Agrobank had bringed Bajtek Publishing House to it's knees, eventualy bancrupting it too.

== Bajtek and CPC ==

On the beginning, Bajtek had mainly articles about computers from "private import" (more communistic 'nomenclature'), particulary about ZX Spectrum, which became quite popular in Poland in the first half of the 80'ies, mainly because of it's price. In the 1986, there was an advent of 'clans' - subparts of Bajtek, each dedicated to only one machine/producer (All Ataris, All Commodores and so on).

By that time, the popularity of the CPC in Poland was rising. That was, to the simple fact, that CPC were (thanks to CP/M+ and 80 column mode) considered as cheap alternative to IBM PC and other 'professional machines'. Personally, I've heard about CPC applications in scientific calculations, witch on it own shows how this trend was strong. That was because even institutions (like universities) couldn't allow themselfs for substantial amounts of PCs. Poland was (at that time) very poor country and high exchange rates added to the problem. Also, there was COCOM, which meant that really big machines were out-of-reach.

Also, the bulit-in Cetronics port of the Schneiders allowed very easy producing of so called "Publikacje bezdebitowe" ('debitless' publications). Debit is a word from french, meaning 'to sell', 'place of selling' and 'bez-' is a polish word for "without". At that time, if you wanted to distribute your publication, you had to have 'debit', an allowance from Office of Censorship. So, in short, "bezdebitowe" or 'debitless' publications were illegal 'papers' distributed by underground. As they usally been produced in quantities of around 200 copies, The CPC with good NLQ printer and possibly a copier was all you need to fight with communism. Needless to say, CPC became quite popular in underground.

Thanks to that, CPC was noticed by Bajtek and The "Klan Amstrada/Schneidera", a clan for the CPC and PCW computers was also formed. Unfortunatly, because of the typical profile of polish CPC users, polish 'scene' never formed, so there weren't autors in "CPC clan" who could portrey the "Colour in CPC". Most articles was about practical applications of CPC and PCW.

Bajtek continued to publish articles about CPC and PCW until 1994.

== List of articles releated to CPC ==
(''As no other wiki editor could do it, I'll make that list, but this will take some time. Some of my Bajteks were lost when I've moved, others still aren't here... But should be by the end of this year'')

=== 1986 ===

{|{{Prettytable|font-size: 2em;}}
|''Title''||''Title translation''||''Issue''||''Page''
|-
|Arnold - Rozmowa z Joe Oki||Arnold - interview with Joe Oki||5-6/1986[''1'']||6
|-
|CPC 464||n/a||5-6/1986||10
|-
|Mini organy||Mini organ||5-6/1986||12
|-
|Drugi drążek sterowy||Second Joystick||5-6/1986||13
|-
|Pisać zamiast pisac||Imposible to translate - this was article about polish diacritical signs||5-6/1986||13
|-
|Animacja||Animation||5-6/1986||14
|-
|Zabezpieczenia||Protections||7/1986||19
|-
|Odzyskiwanie plików omyłkowo skasowanych na dyskietce (6128)||Recovering data deleted from disc by accident (6128)||7/1986||19
|-
|CPC 6128||n/a||8/1986||8
|-
|Menu dysku||Disc menu||8/1986||8
|-
|AMX dla myszy||AMX for mouse||8/1986||9
|-
|Ekran na papierze||Screen on paper||8/1986||10
|-
|Zegar dla Amstrada||Clock for Amstrad||8/1986||10
|-
|Lista zmiennych||variables list||8/1986||11
|-
|Powiększanie napisów||Enlarging the Signs||8/1986||11
|-
|Jednoręki bandyta||Blackjack (?)||9/1986||12
|-
|Magnetofon i Amstrad||Amstrad and the tape recorder||9/1986||14
|-
|Jak odbezpieczyc program w BASIC-u||How to unprotect BASIC program||9/1986||14
|-
|Test oczu i uszu||Test your eyes and ears||10/1986||14
|-
||Muzyka robota||Robot's music||10/1986||14
|-
|Transmat||???||10/1986||15
|-
|Polskie litery||Polish letter (again about polish diacritical signs)||11/1986||8
|-
|Trochę ruchu...||Some movement...||11/1986||8
|-
|Pamięć pod lupą||Memory under magnifing glass||11/1986||9
|-
|Amstrad PC 1512||n/a||12/1986||11
|-
|Circle||n/a||12/1986||11
|-
|Ruchome literki||Moving letters||12/1986||11
|}
[''1''] - Troughout the 1986, there were some problems with continous publishing, so there were couple of bi-monthly issues

=== 1987 ===

{|{{Prettytable|font-size: 2em;}}
|''Title''||''Title translation''||''Issue''||''Page''
|-
|PCW8512||n/a||1/1987||20
|-
|Co piszczy pod klawiaturą(1-12)||What squeaks under the keyboard(part 1 to 12)||1-12/1987||[''1'']
|-
|Węże||Snakes||2/1987||11
|-
|Programy biurowe||Office applications||2/1987||12
|-
|Zmiana krojów pisma||Font changing||4/1987||15
|-
|BASIC CPC 464||n/a||5/1987||14
|-
|Jezyki programowania||Programming languages||6/1987||13
|-
|Drukarka?||Printer?||6/1987||14
|-
|Instalacja polskich liter w CP/M PLUS dla CPC6128||Installation of polish letters under CP/M PLUS for CPC 6128||8/1987||13
|-
|Firma||Firm||10/1987||14
|-
|Uczymy mówić CPC 464, 664, 6128||Teach CPC 464, 664, 6128 to speak||11/1987||13
|-
|Katalog||Catalog||12/1987||12
|}
[''1'']] - This article was 12 part, each one had been on diffrent page. I could list 12 entries, each one stating the correct page number, but, as I don't think, any of You collect Bajtek(now or will in the future), I don't see the point.
[[Category:CPC Press]] [[Category: Magazines]] [[Category:Stub]]

Bajtek

2006-09-26T18:17:18Z

83.26.118.161: /* 1986 */

Bajtek was one of most popular Polish computer magazines at it times.

== History ==
[[image:Bajtek_01_85.jpg|right|thumb|First issue of Bajtek]]
Bajtek was started in 1985 by Władysław Majewski, an editor of "Przegląd - Komputer" - insertion added to "Przegląd Techniczny". First issue would be published by "Krajowe Wydawnictwo Czasopism", but because it was started 'ad hoc', it didn't have paper allowance (dear reader - please remember, at this time Poland was a communist country), so it had to borrow paper. The "Sztandar Młodych" (Youth Banner), the newspaper of ZMP (Polish Youth Association - an organ of the communist party for the young communists) decided to lend paper for the Bajtek, and the first issue could be printed. It was continued by three other issues during the 1985 and all 200000 copies were sold on spot.

The "Sztandar Młodych" editor liked the idea of a computer magazine adresed at the young computer entusiasts (rather than at computer scientists - as all other polish computer magazines, at that time did), so much, that he decided to take it over.

[[image:Bajtek 01 86.jpg|right|thumb|First full-color issue of Bajtek. Also notice the new logo]]
In the Fall of 1985, The editor of "Sztandar Młodych" Aleksander Kwaśniewski (who will later became President of Poland) become "minister do spraw młodzieży" (Youth minister? minister in matter of youth? Blah, communistic 'nomenclature' is really hard to translate and my english ain't good too), and his first decision, was to make Bajtek, a part of the "Sztandar Młodych" publishing house. Since 1986, until 1989 Bajtek was published by "Sztandar Młodych".

In the year 1989, thanks to the 'Round Table', there were many changes in Poland. One of the most important, was the closing of the Office of Censorship and stoping of the press regulation. With that (and many other changes), Bajtek was divided from the "Sztandar Młodych" and continued on it own, published by Bajtek Publishing House, an co-operative stared by Bajtek redactors. It ran down until 1996, when bancrupcy of Agrobank had bringed Bajtek Publishing House to it's knees, eventualy bancrupting it too.

== Bajtek and CPC ==

On the beginning, Bajtek had mainly articles about computers from "private import" (more communistic 'nomenclature'), particulary about ZX Spectrum, which became quite popular in Poland in the first half of the 80'ies, mainly because of it's price. In the 1986, there was an advent of 'clans' - subparts of Bajtek, each dedicated to only one machine/producer (All Ataris, All Commodores and so on).

By that time, the popularity of the CPC in Poland was rising. That was, to the simple fact, that CPC were (thanks to CP/M+ and 80 column mode) considered as cheap alternative to IBM PC and other 'professional machines'. Personally, I've heard about CPC applications in scientific calculations, witch on it own shows how this trend was strong. That was because even institutions (like universities) couldn't allow themselfs for substantial amounts of PCs. Poland was (at that time) very poor country and high exchange rates added to the problem. Also, there was COCOM, which meant that really big machines were out-of-reach.

Also, the bulit-in Cetronics port of the Schneiders allowed very easy producing of so called "Publikacje bezdebitowe" ('debitless' publications). Debit is a word from french, meaning 'to sell', 'place of selling' and 'bez-' is a polish word for "without". At that time, if you wanted to distribute your publication, you had to have 'debit', an allowance from Office of Censorship. So, in short, "bezdebitowe" or 'debitless' publications were illegal 'papers' distributed by underground. As they usally been produced in quantities of around 200 copies, The CPC with good NLQ printer and possibly a copier was all you need to fight with communism. Needless to say, CPC became quite popular in underground.

Thanks to that, CPC was noticed by Bajtek and The "Klan Amstrada/Schneidera", a clan for the CPC and PCW computers was also formed. Unfortunatly, because of the typical profile of polish CPC users, polish 'scene' never formed, so there weren't autors in "CPC clan" who could portrey the "Colour in CPC". Most articles was about practical applications of CPC and PCW.

Bajtek continued to publish articles about CPC and PCW until 1994.

== List of articles releated to CPC ==
(''As no other wiki editor could do it, I'll make that list, but this will take some time. Some of my Bajteks were lost when I've moved, others still aren't here... But should be by the end of this year'')

=== 1986 ===

{|{{Prettytable|font-size: 2em;}}
|''Title''||''Title translation''||''Issue''||''Page''
|-
|Arnold - Rozmowa z Joe Oki||Arnold - interview with Joe Oki||5-6/1986[''1'']||6
|-
|CPC 464||n/a||5-6/1986||10
|-
|Mini organy||Mini organ||5-6/1986||12
|-
|Drugi drążek sterowy||Second Joystick||5-6/1986||13
|-
|Pisać zamiast pisac||Imposible to translate - this was article about polish diacritical signs||5-6/1986||13
|-
|Animacja||Animation||5-6/1986||14
|-
|Zabezpieczenia||Protections||7/1986||19
|-
|Odzyskiwanie plików omyłkowo skasowanych na dyskietce(6128)||Recovering data deleted from disc by accident(6128)||7/1986||19
|-
|CPC 6128||n/a||8/1986||8
|-
|Menu dysku||Disc menu||8/1986||8
|-
|AMX dla myszy||AMX for mouse||8/1986||9
|-
|Ekran na papierze||Screen on paper||8/1986||10
|-
|Zegar dla Amstrada||Clock for Amstrad||8/1986||10
|-
|Lista zmiennych||variables list||8/1986||11
|-
|Powiększanie napisów||Enlarging the Signs||8/1986||11
|-
|Jednoręki bandyta||Blackjack(?)||9/1986||12
|-
|Magnetofon i Amstrad||Amstrad and the tape recorder||9/1986||14
|-
|Jak odbezpieczyc program w BASIC-u||How to unprotect BASIC program||9/1986||14
|-
|Test oczu i uszu||Test your eyes and ears||10/1986||14
|-
||Muzyka robota||Robot's music||10/1986||14
|-
|Transmat||???||10/1986||15
|-
|Polskie litery||Polish letter (again about polish diacritical signs)||11/1986||8
|-
|Trochę ruchu...||Some movement...||11/1986||8
|-
|Pamięć pod lupą||Memory under magnifing glass||11/1986||9
|-
|Amstrad PC 1512||n/a||12/1986||11
|-
|Circle||n/a||12/1986||11
|-
|Ruchome literki||Moving letters||12/1986||11
|}
[''1''] - Troughout the 1986, there were some problems with continous publishing, so there were couple of bi-monthly issues

=== 1987 ===

{|{{Prettytable|font-size: 2em;}}
|''Title''||''Title translation''||''Issue''||''Page''
|-
|PCW8512||n/a||1/1987||20
|-
|Co piszczy pod klawiaturą(1-12)||What squeaks under the keyboard(part 1 to 12)||1-12/1987||[''1'']
|-
|Węże||Snakes||2/1987||11
|-
|Programy biurowe||Office applications||2/1987||12
|-
|Zmiana krojów pisma||Font changing||4/1987||15
|-
|BASIC CPC 464||n/a||5/1987||14
|-
|Jezyki programowania||Programming languages||6/1987||13
|-
|Drukarka?||Printer?||6/1987||14
|-
|Instalacja polskich liter w CP/M PLUS dla CPC6128||Installation of polish letters under CP/M PLUS for CPC 6128||8/1987||13
|-
|Firma||Firm||10/1987||14
|-
|Uczymy mówić CPC 464, 664, 6128||Teach CPC 464, 664, 6128 to speak||11/1987||13
|-
|Katalog||Catalog||12/1987||12
|}
[''1'']] - This article was 12 part, each one had been on diffrent page. I could list 12 entries, each one stating the correct page number, but, as I don't think, any of You collect Bajtek(now or will in the future), I don't see the point.
[[Category:CPC Press]] [[Category: Magazines]] [[Category:Stub]]

Bajtek

2006-09-26T18:16:49Z

83.26.118.161: /* 1986 */

Bajtek was one of most popular Polish computer magazines at it times.

== History ==
[[image:Bajtek_01_85.jpg|right|thumb|First issue of Bajtek]]
Bajtek was started in 1985 by Władysław Majewski, an editor of "Przegląd - Komputer" - insertion added to "Przegląd Techniczny". First issue would be published by "Krajowe Wydawnictwo Czasopism", but because it was started 'ad hoc', it didn't have paper allowance (dear reader - please remember, at this time Poland was a communist country), so it had to borrow paper. The "Sztandar Młodych" (Youth Banner), the newspaper of ZMP (Polish Youth Association - an organ of the communist party for the young communists) decided to lend paper for the Bajtek, and the first issue could be printed. It was continued by three other issues during the 1985 and all 200000 copies were sold on spot.

The "Sztandar Młodych" editor liked the idea of a computer magazine adresed at the young computer entusiasts (rather than at computer scientists - as all other polish computer magazines, at that time did), so much, that he decided to take it over.

[[image:Bajtek 01 86.jpg|right|thumb|First full-color issue of Bajtek. Also notice the new logo]]
In the Fall of 1985, The editor of "Sztandar Młodych" Aleksander Kwaśniewski (who will later became President of Poland) become "minister do spraw młodzieży" (Youth minister? minister in matter of youth? Blah, communistic 'nomenclature' is really hard to translate and my english ain't good too), and his first decision, was to make Bajtek, a part of the "Sztandar Młodych" publishing house. Since 1986, until 1989 Bajtek was published by "Sztandar Młodych".

In the year 1989, thanks to the 'Round Table', there were many changes in Poland. One of the most important, was the closing of the Office of Censorship and stoping of the press regulation. With that (and many other changes), Bajtek was divided from the "Sztandar Młodych" and continued on it own, published by Bajtek Publishing House, an co-operative stared by Bajtek redactors. It ran down until 1996, when bancrupcy of Agrobank had bringed Bajtek Publishing House to it's knees, eventualy bancrupting it too.

== Bajtek and CPC ==

On the beginning, Bajtek had mainly articles about computers from "private import" (more communistic 'nomenclature'), particulary about ZX Spectrum, which became quite popular in Poland in the first half of the 80'ies, mainly because of it's price. In the 1986, there was an advent of 'clans' - subparts of Bajtek, each dedicated to only one machine/producer (All Ataris, All Commodores and so on).

By that time, the popularity of the CPC in Poland was rising. That was, to the simple fact, that CPC were (thanks to CP/M+ and 80 column mode) considered as cheap alternative to IBM PC and other 'professional machines'. Personally, I've heard about CPC applications in scientific calculations, witch on it own shows how this trend was strong. That was because even institutions (like universities) couldn't allow themselfs for substantial amounts of PCs. Poland was (at that time) very poor country and high exchange rates added to the problem. Also, there was COCOM, which meant that really big machines were out-of-reach.

Also, the bulit-in Cetronics port of the Schneiders allowed very easy producing of so called "Publikacje bezdebitowe" ('debitless' publications). Debit is a word from french, meaning 'to sell', 'place of selling' and 'bez-' is a polish word for "without". At that time, if you wanted to distribute your publication, you had to have 'debit', an allowance from Office of Censorship. So, in short, "bezdebitowe" or 'debitless' publications were illegal 'papers' distributed by underground. As they usally been produced in quantities of around 200 copies, The CPC with good NLQ printer and possibly a copier was all you need to fight with communism. Needless to say, CPC became quite popular in underground.

Thanks to that, CPC was noticed by Bajtek and The "Klan Amstrada/Schneidera", a clan for the CPC and PCW computers was also formed. Unfortunatly, because of the typical profile of polish CPC users, polish 'scene' never formed, so there weren't autors in "CPC clan" who could portrey the "Colour in CPC". Most articles was about practical applications of CPC and PCW.

Bajtek continued to publish articles about CPC and PCW until 1994.

== List of articles releated to CPC ==
(''As no other wiki editor could do it, I'll make that list, but this will take some time. Some of my Bajteks were lost when I've moved, others still aren't here... But should be by the end of this year'')

=== 1986 ===

{|{{Prettytable|font-size: 2em;}}
|''Title''||''Title translation''||''Issue''||''Page''
|-
|Arnold - Rozmowa z Joe Oki||Arnold - interview with Joe Oki||5-6/1986[''1'']||6
|-
|CPC 464||n/a||5-6/1986||10
|-
|Mini organy||Mini organ||5-6/1986||12
|-
|Drugi drążek sterowy||Second Joystick||5/6/1986||13
|-
|Pisać zamiast pisac||Imposible to translate - this was article about polish diacritical signs||5-6/1986||13
|-
|Animacja||Animation||5-6/1986||14
|-
|Zabezpieczenia||Protections||7/1986||19
|-
|Odzyskiwanie plików omyłkowo skasowanych na dyskietce(6128)||Recovering data deleted from disc by accident(6128)||7/1986||19
|-
|CPC 6128||n/a||8/1986||8
|-
|Menu dysku||Disc menu||8/1986||8
|-
|AMX dla myszy||AMX for mouse||8/1986||9
|-
|Ekran na papierze||Screen on paper||8/1986||10
|-
|Zegar dla Amstrada||Clock for Amstrad||8/1986||10
|-
|Lista zmiennych||variables list||8/1986||11
|-
|Powiększanie napisów||Enlarging the Signs||8/1986||11
|-
|Jednoręki bandyta||Blackjack(?)||9/1986||12
|-
|Magnetofon i Amstrad||Amstrad and the tape recorder||9/1986||14
|-
|Jak odbezpieczyc program w BASIC-u||How to unprotect BASIC program||9/1986||14
|-
|Test oczu i uszu||Test your eyes and ears||10/1986||14
|-
||Muzyka robota||Robot's music||10/1986||14
|-
|Transmat||???||10/1986||15
|-
|Polskie litery||Polish letter (again about polish diacritical signs)||11/1986||8
|-
|Trochę ruchu...||Some movement...||11/1986||8
|-
|Pamięć pod lupą||Memory under magnifing glass||11/1986||9
|-
|Amstrad PC 1512||n/a||12/1986||11
|-
|Circle||n/a||12/1986||11
|-
|Ruchome literki||Moving letters||12/1986||11
|}
[''1''] - Troughout the 1986, there were some problems with continous publishing, so there were couple of bi-monthly issues

=== 1987 ===

{|{{Prettytable|font-size: 2em;}}
|''Title''||''Title translation''||''Issue''||''Page''
|-
|PCW8512||n/a||1/1987||20
|-
|Co piszczy pod klawiaturą(1-12)||What squeaks under the keyboard(part 1 to 12)||1-12/1987||[''1'']
|-
|Węże||Snakes||2/1987||11
|-
|Programy biurowe||Office applications||2/1987||12
|-
|Zmiana krojów pisma||Font changing||4/1987||15
|-
|BASIC CPC 464||n/a||5/1987||14
|-
|Jezyki programowania||Programming languages||6/1987||13
|-
|Drukarka?||Printer?||6/1987||14
|-
|Instalacja polskich liter w CP/M PLUS dla CPC6128||Installation of polish letters under CP/M PLUS for CPC 6128||8/1987||13
|-
|Firma||Firm||10/1987||14
|-
|Uczymy mówić CPC 464, 664, 6128||Teach CPC 464, 664, 6128 to speak||11/1987||13
|-
|Katalog||Catalog||12/1987||12
|}
[''1'']] - This article was 12 part, each one had been on diffrent page. I could list 12 entries, each one stating the correct page number, but, as I don't think, any of You collect Bajtek(now or will in the future), I don't see the point.
[[Category:CPC Press]] [[Category: Magazines]] [[Category:Stub]]

Bajtek

2006-09-26T18:14:51Z

83.26.118.161: /* Bajtek and CPC */

Bajtek was one of most popular Polish computer magazines at it times.

== History ==
[[image:Bajtek_01_85.jpg|right|thumb|First issue of Bajtek]]
Bajtek was started in 1985 by Władysław Majewski, an editor of "Przegląd - Komputer" - insertion added to "Przegląd Techniczny". First issue would be published by "Krajowe Wydawnictwo Czasopism", but because it was started 'ad hoc', it didn't have paper allowance (dear reader - please remember, at this time Poland was a communist country), so it had to borrow paper. The "Sztandar Młodych" (Youth Banner), the newspaper of ZMP (Polish Youth Association - an organ of the communist party for the young communists) decided to lend paper for the Bajtek, and the first issue could be printed. It was continued by three other issues during the 1985 and all 200000 copies were sold on spot.

The "Sztandar Młodych" editor liked the idea of a computer magazine adresed at the young computer entusiasts (rather than at computer scientists - as all other polish computer magazines, at that time did), so much, that he decided to take it over.

[[image:Bajtek 01 86.jpg|right|thumb|First full-color issue of Bajtek. Also notice the new logo]]
In the Fall of 1985, The editor of "Sztandar Młodych" Aleksander Kwaśniewski (who will later became President of Poland) become "minister do spraw młodzieży" (Youth minister? minister in matter of youth? Blah, communistic 'nomenclature' is really hard to translate and my english ain't good too), and his first decision, was to make Bajtek, a part of the "Sztandar Młodych" publishing house. Since 1986, until 1989 Bajtek was published by "Sztandar Młodych".

In the year 1989, thanks to the 'Round Table', there were many changes in Poland. One of the most important, was the closing of the Office of Censorship and stoping of the press regulation. With that (and many other changes), Bajtek was divided from the "Sztandar Młodych" and continued on it own, published by Bajtek Publishing House, an co-operative stared by Bajtek redactors. It ran down until 1996, when bancrupcy of Agrobank had bringed Bajtek Publishing House to it's knees, eventualy bancrupting it too.

== Bajtek and CPC ==

On the beginning, Bajtek had mainly articles about computers from "private import" (more communistic 'nomenclature'), particulary about ZX Spectrum, which became quite popular in Poland in the first half of the 80'ies, mainly because of it's price. In the 1986, there was an advent of 'clans' - subparts of Bajtek, each dedicated to only one machine/producer (All Ataris, All Commodores and so on).

By that time, the popularity of the CPC in Poland was rising. That was, to the simple fact, that CPC were (thanks to CP/M+ and 80 column mode) considered as cheap alternative to IBM PC and other 'professional machines'. Personally, I've heard about CPC applications in scientific calculations, witch on it own shows how this trend was strong. That was because even institutions (like universities) couldn't allow themselfs for substantial amounts of PCs. Poland was (at that time) very poor country and high exchange rates added to the problem. Also, there was COCOM, which meant that really big machines were out-of-reach.

Also, the bulit-in Cetronics port of the Schneiders allowed very easy producing of so called "Publikacje bezdebitowe" ('debitless' publications). Debit is a word from french, meaning 'to sell', 'place of selling' and 'bez-' is a polish word for "without". At that time, if you wanted to distribute your publication, you had to have 'debit', an allowance from Office of Censorship. So, in short, "bezdebitowe" or 'debitless' publications were illegal 'papers' distributed by underground. As they usally been produced in quantities of around 200 copies, The CPC with good NLQ printer and possibly a copier was all you need to fight with communism. Needless to say, CPC became quite popular in underground.

Thanks to that, CPC was noticed by Bajtek and The "Klan Amstrada/Schneidera", a clan for the CPC and PCW computers was also formed. Unfortunatly, because of the typical profile of polish CPC users, polish 'scene' never formed, so there weren't autors in "CPC clan" who could portrey the "Colour in CPC". Most articles was about practical applications of CPC and PCW.

Bajtek continued to publish articles about CPC and PCW until 1994.

== List of articles releated to CPC ==
(''As no other wiki editor could do it, I'll make that list, but this will take some time. Some of my Bajteks were lost when I've moved, others still aren't here... But should be by the end of this year'')

=== 1986 ===

{|{{Prettytable|font-size: 2em;}}
|''Title''||''Title translation''||''Issue''||''Page''
|-
|Arnold - Rozmowa z Joe Oki||Arnold - interview with Joe Oki||5/6/1986[''1'']||6
|-
|CPC 464||n/a||5/6/1986||10
|-
|Mini organy||Mini organ||5/6/1986||12
|-
|Drugi drążek sterowy||Second Joystick||5/6/1986||13
|-
|Pisać zamiast pisac||Imposible to translate - this was article about polish diacritical signs||5/6/1986||13
|-
|Animacja||Animation||5/6/1986||14
|-
|Zabezpieczenia||Protections||7/1986||19
|-
|Odzyskiwanie plików omyłkowo skasowanych na dyskietce(6128)||Recovering data deleted from disc by accident(6128)||7/1986||19
|-
|CPC 6128||n/a||8/1986||8
|-
|Menu dysku||Disc menu||8/1986||8
|-
|AMX dla myszy||AMX for mouse||8/1986||9
|-
|Ekran na papierze||Screen on paper||8/1986||10
|-
|Zegar dla Amstrada||Clock for Amstrad||8/1986||10
|-
|Lista zmiennych||variables list||8/1986||11
|-
|Powiększanie napisów||Enlarging the Signs||8/1986||11
|-
|Jednoręki bandyta||Blackjack(?)||9/1986||12
|-
|Magnetofon i Amstrad||Amstrad and the tape recorder||9/1986||14
|-
|Jak odbezpieczyc program w BASIC-u||How to unprotect BASIC program||9/1986||14
|-
|Test oczu i uszu||Test your eyes and ears||10/1986||14
|-
||Muzyka robota||Robot's music||10/1986||14
|-
|Transmat||???||10/1986||15
|-
|Polskie litery||Polish letters(again about polish diacritical signs)||11/1986||8
|-
|Trochę ruchu...||Some movement...||11/1986||8
|-
|Pamięć pod lupą||Memory under magnifing glass||11/1986||9
|-
|Amstrad PC 1512||n/a||12/1986||11
|-
|Circle||n/a||12/1986||11
|-
|Ruchome literki||Moving letters||12/1986||11
|}
[''1''] - Troughout the 1986, there were some problems with continous publishing, so there were couple of bi-monthly issues

=== 1987 ===

{|{{Prettytable|font-size: 2em;}}
|''Title''||''Title translation''||''Issue''||''Page''
|-
|PCW8512||n/a||1/1987||20
|-
|Co piszczy pod klawiaturą(1-12)||What squeaks under the keyboard(part 1 to 12)||1-12/1987||[''1'']
|-
|Węże||Snakes||2/1987||11
|-
|Programy biurowe||Office applications||2/1987||12
|-
|Zmiana krojów pisma||Font changing||4/1987||15
|-
|BASIC CPC 464||n/a||5/1987||14
|-
|Jezyki programowania||Programming languages||6/1987||13
|-
|Drukarka?||Printer?||6/1987||14
|-
|Instalacja polskich liter w CP/M PLUS dla CPC6128||Installation of polish letters under CP/M PLUS for CPC 6128||8/1987||13
|-
|Firma||Firm||10/1987||14
|-
|Uczymy mówić CPC 464, 664, 6128||Teach CPC 464, 664, 6128 to speak||11/1987||13
|-
|Katalog||Catalog||12/1987||12
|}
[''1'']] - This article was 12 part, each one had been on diffrent page. I could list 12 entries, each one stating the correct page number, but, as I don't think, any of You collect Bajtek(now or will in the future), I don't see the point.
[[Category:CPC Press]] [[Category: Magazines]] [[Category:Stub]]

Bajtek

2006-09-26T18:12:19Z

83.26.118.161: /* History */

Bajtek was one of most popular Polish computer magazines at it times.

== History ==
[[image:Bajtek_01_85.jpg|right|thumb|First issue of Bajtek]]
Bajtek was started in 1985 by Władysław Majewski, an editor of "Przegląd - Komputer" - insertion added to "Przegląd Techniczny". First issue would be published by "Krajowe Wydawnictwo Czasopism", but because it was started 'ad hoc', it didn't have paper allowance (dear reader - please remember, at this time Poland was a communist country), so it had to borrow paper. The "Sztandar Młodych" (Youth Banner), the newspaper of ZMP (Polish Youth Association - an organ of the communist party for the young communists) decided to lend paper for the Bajtek, and the first issue could be printed. It was continued by three other issues during the 1985 and all 200000 copies were sold on spot.

The "Sztandar Młodych" editor liked the idea of a computer magazine adresed at the young computer entusiasts (rather than at computer scientists - as all other polish computer magazines, at that time did), so much, that he decided to take it over.

[[image:Bajtek 01 86.jpg|right|thumb|First full-color issue of Bajtek. Also notice the new logo]]
In the Fall of 1985, The editor of "Sztandar Młodych" Aleksander Kwaśniewski (who will later became President of Poland) become "minister do spraw młodzieży" (Youth minister? minister in matter of youth? Blah, communistic 'nomenclature' is really hard to translate and my english ain't good too), and his first decision, was to make Bajtek, a part of the "Sztandar Młodych" publishing house. Since 1986, until 1989 Bajtek was published by "Sztandar Młodych".

In the year 1989, thanks to the 'Round Table', there were many changes in Poland. One of the most important, was the closing of the Office of Censorship and stoping of the press regulation. With that (and many other changes), Bajtek was divided from the "Sztandar Młodych" and continued on it own, published by Bajtek Publishing House, an co-operative stared by Bajtek redactors. It ran down until 1996, when bancrupcy of Agrobank had bringed Bajtek Publishing House to it's knees, eventualy bancrupting it too.

== Bajtek and CPC ==

On the beginning, Bajtek had mainly articles about computers from "private import"(more communistic 'nomenclature'), particulary about ZX Spectrum, which became quite popular in Poland in the first half of the 80'ies, mainly because of it's price. In the 1986, there was an advent of 'clans' - subparts of Bajtek, each dedicated to only one machine/producer(All Ataris, All Commodores and so on).

By that time, the popularity of the CPC in Poland was rising. That was, to the simple fact, that CPC were (thanks to CP/M+ and 80 column mode) considered as cheap alternative to IBM PC and other 'professional machines'. Personally, I've heard about CPC applications in scientific calculations, witch on it own shows how this trend was strong. That was because even institutions(like universities) couldn't allow themselfs for substantial amounts of PCs. Poland was (at that time) very poor country and high exchange rates added to the problem. Also, there was COCOM, which meant that really big machines were out-of-reach.

Also, the bulit-in Cetronics port of the Schneiders allowed very easy producing of so called "Publikacje bezdebitowe"('debitless' publications). Debit is a word from french, meaning 'to sell', 'place of selling' and 'bez-' is a polish word for without. At that time, if you wanted to distribute your publication, you had to have 'debit', an allowance from Office of Censorship. So, in short, "bezdebitowe" or 'debitless' publications were illegal 'papers' distributed by underground. As they usally been produced in quantities of around 200 copies, The CPC with good NLQ printer and possibly a copier was all you need to fight with communism. Needless to say, CPC became quite popular in underground.

Thanks to that, CPC was noticed by Bajtek and The "Klan Amstrada/Schneidera", a clan for the CPC and PCW computers was also formed. Unfortunatly, because of the typical profile of polish CPC users, polish 'scene' never formed, so there weren't autors in "CPC clan" who could portrey the "Colour in CPC". Most articles was about practical applications of CPC and PCW.

Bajtek continued to publish articles about CPC and PCW until 1994.

== List of articles releated to CPC ==
(''As no other wiki editor could do it, I'll make that list, but this will take some time. Some of my Bajteks were lost when I've moved, others still aren't here... But should be by the end of this year'')

=== 1986 ===

{|{{Prettytable|font-size: 2em;}}
|''Title''||''Title translation''||''Issue''||''Page''
|-
|Arnold - Rozmowa z Joe Oki||Arnold - interview with Joe Oki||5/6/1986[''1'']||6
|-
|CPC 464||n/a||5/6/1986||10
|-
|Mini organy||Mini organ||5/6/1986||12
|-
|Drugi drążek sterowy||Second Joystick||5/6/1986||13
|-
|Pisać zamiast pisac||Imposible to translate - this was article about polish diacritical signs||5/6/1986||13
|-
|Animacja||Animation||5/6/1986||14
|-
|Zabezpieczenia||Protections||7/1986||19
|-
|Odzyskiwanie plików omyłkowo skasowanych na dyskietce(6128)||Recovering data deleted from disc by accident(6128)||7/1986||19
|-
|CPC 6128||n/a||8/1986||8
|-
|Menu dysku||Disc menu||8/1986||8
|-
|AMX dla myszy||AMX for mouse||8/1986||9
|-
|Ekran na papierze||Screen on paper||8/1986||10
|-
|Zegar dla Amstrada||Clock for Amstrad||8/1986||10
|-
|Lista zmiennych||variables list||8/1986||11
|-
|Powiększanie napisów||Enlarging the Signs||8/1986||11
|-
|Jednoręki bandyta||Blackjack(?)||9/1986||12
|-
|Magnetofon i Amstrad||Amstrad and the tape recorder||9/1986||14
|-
|Jak odbezpieczyc program w BASIC-u||How to unprotect BASIC program||9/1986||14
|-
|Test oczu i uszu||Test your eyes and ears||10/1986||14
|-
||Muzyka robota||Robot's music||10/1986||14
|-
|Transmat||???||10/1986||15
|-
|Polskie litery||Polish letters(again about polish diacritical signs)||11/1986||8
|-
|Trochę ruchu...||Some movement...||11/1986||8
|-
|Pamięć pod lupą||Memory under magnifing glass||11/1986||9
|-
|Amstrad PC 1512||n/a||12/1986||11
|-
|Circle||n/a||12/1986||11
|-
|Ruchome literki||Moving letters||12/1986||11
|}
[''1''] - Troughout the 1986, there were some problems with continous publishing, so there were couple of bi-monthly issues

=== 1987 ===

{|{{Prettytable|font-size: 2em;}}
|''Title''||''Title translation''||''Issue''||''Page''
|-
|PCW8512||n/a||1/1987||20
|-
|Co piszczy pod klawiaturą(1-12)||What squeaks under the keyboard(part 1 to 12)||1-12/1987||[''1'']
|-
|Węże||Snakes||2/1987||11
|-
|Programy biurowe||Office applications||2/1987||12
|-
|Zmiana krojów pisma||Font changing||4/1987||15
|-
|BASIC CPC 464||n/a||5/1987||14
|-
|Jezyki programowania||Programming languages||6/1987||13
|-
|Drukarka?||Printer?||6/1987||14
|-
|Instalacja polskich liter w CP/M PLUS dla CPC6128||Installation of polish letters under CP/M PLUS for CPC 6128||8/1987||13
|-
|Firma||Firm||10/1987||14
|-
|Uczymy mówić CPC 464, 664, 6128||Teach CPC 464, 664, 6128 to speak||11/1987||13
|-
|Katalog||Catalog||12/1987||12
|}
[''1'']] - This article was 12 part, each one had been on diffrent page. I could list 12 entries, each one stating the correct page number, but, as I don't think, any of You collect Bajtek(now or will in the future), I don't see the point.
[[Category:CPC Press]] [[Category: Magazines]] [[Category:Stub]]

Bajtek

2006-09-26T18:11:45Z

83.26.118.161: /* History */

Bajtek was one of most popular Polish computer magazines at it times.

== History ==
[[image:Bajtek_01_85.jpg|right|thumb|First issue of Bajtek]]
Bajtek was started in 1985 by Władysław Majewski, an editor of "Przegląd - Komputer" - insertion added to "Przegląd Techniczny". First issue would be published by "Krajowe Wydawnictwo Czasopism", but because it was started 'ad hoc', it didn't have paper allowance (dear reader - please remember, at this time Poland was a communist country), so it had to borrow paper. The "Sztandar Młodych" (Youth Banner), the newspaper of ZMP(Polish Youth Association - an organ of the communist party for the young communists) decided to lend paper for the Bajtek, and the first issue could be printed. It was continued by three other issues during the 1985 and all 200000 copies were sold on spot.

The "Sztandar Młodych" editor liked the idea of a computer magazine adresed at the young computer entusiasts (rather than at computer scientists - as all other polish computer magazines, at that time did), so much, that he decided to take it over.

[[image:Bajtek 01 86.jpg|right|thumb|First full-color issue of Bajtek. Also notice the new logo]]
In the Fall of 1985, The editor of "Sztandar Młodych" Aleksander Kwaśniewski (who will later became President of Poland) become "minister do spraw młodzieży" (Youth minister? minister in matter of youth? Blah, communistic 'nomenclature' is really hard to translate and my english ain't good too), and his first decision, was to make Bajtek, a part of the "Sztandar Młodych" publishing house. Since 1986, until 1989 Bajtek was published by "Sztandar Młodych".

In the year 1989, thanks to the 'Round Table', there were many changes in Poland. One of the most important, was the closing of the Office of Censorship and stoping of the press regulation. With that (and many other changes), Bajtek was divided from the "Sztandar Młodych" and continued on it own, published by Bajtek Publishing House, an co-operative stared by Bajtek redactors. It ran down until 1996, when bancrupcy of Agrobank had bringed Bajtek Publishing House to it's knees, eventualy bancrupting it too.

== Bajtek and CPC ==

On the beginning, Bajtek had mainly articles about computers from "private import"(more communistic 'nomenclature'), particulary about ZX Spectrum, which became quite popular in Poland in the first half of the 80'ies, mainly because of it's price. In the 1986, there was an advent of 'clans' - subparts of Bajtek, each dedicated to only one machine/producer(All Ataris, All Commodores and so on).

By that time, the popularity of the CPC in Poland was rising. That was, to the simple fact, that CPC were (thanks to CP/M+ and 80 column mode) considered as cheap alternative to IBM PC and other 'professional machines'. Personally, I've heard about CPC applications in scientific calculations, witch on it own shows how this trend was strong. That was because even institutions(like universities) couldn't allow themselfs for substantial amounts of PCs. Poland was (at that time) very poor country and high exchange rates added to the problem. Also, there was COCOM, which meant that really big machines were out-of-reach.

Also, the bulit-in Cetronics port of the Schneiders allowed very easy producing of so called "Publikacje bezdebitowe"('debitless' publications). Debit is a word from french, meaning 'to sell', 'place of selling' and 'bez-' is a polish word for without. At that time, if you wanted to distribute your publication, you had to have 'debit', an allowance from Office of Censorship. So, in short, "bezdebitowe" or 'debitless' publications were illegal 'papers' distributed by underground. As they usally been produced in quantities of around 200 copies, The CPC with good NLQ printer and possibly a copier was all you need to fight with communism. Needless to say, CPC became quite popular in underground.

Thanks to that, CPC was noticed by Bajtek and The "Klan Amstrada/Schneidera", a clan for the CPC and PCW computers was also formed. Unfortunatly, because of the typical profile of polish CPC users, polish 'scene' never formed, so there weren't autors in "CPC clan" who could portrey the "Colour in CPC". Most articles was about practical applications of CPC and PCW.

Bajtek continued to publish articles about CPC and PCW until 1994.

== List of articles releated to CPC ==
(''As no other wiki editor could do it, I'll make that list, but this will take some time. Some of my Bajteks were lost when I've moved, others still aren't here... But should be by the end of this year'')

=== 1986 ===

{|{{Prettytable|font-size: 2em;}}
|''Title''||''Title translation''||''Issue''||''Page''
|-
|Arnold - Rozmowa z Joe Oki||Arnold - interview with Joe Oki||5/6/1986[''1'']||6
|-
|CPC 464||n/a||5/6/1986||10
|-
|Mini organy||Mini organ||5/6/1986||12
|-
|Drugi drążek sterowy||Second Joystick||5/6/1986||13
|-
|Pisać zamiast pisac||Imposible to translate - this was article about polish diacritical signs||5/6/1986||13
|-
|Animacja||Animation||5/6/1986||14
|-
|Zabezpieczenia||Protections||7/1986||19
|-
|Odzyskiwanie plików omyłkowo skasowanych na dyskietce(6128)||Recovering data deleted from disc by accident(6128)||7/1986||19
|-
|CPC 6128||n/a||8/1986||8
|-
|Menu dysku||Disc menu||8/1986||8
|-
|AMX dla myszy||AMX for mouse||8/1986||9
|-
|Ekran na papierze||Screen on paper||8/1986||10
|-
|Zegar dla Amstrada||Clock for Amstrad||8/1986||10
|-
|Lista zmiennych||variables list||8/1986||11
|-
|Powiększanie napisów||Enlarging the Signs||8/1986||11
|-
|Jednoręki bandyta||Blackjack(?)||9/1986||12
|-
|Magnetofon i Amstrad||Amstrad and the tape recorder||9/1986||14
|-
|Jak odbezpieczyc program w BASIC-u||How to unprotect BASIC program||9/1986||14
|-
|Test oczu i uszu||Test your eyes and ears||10/1986||14
|-
||Muzyka robota||Robot's music||10/1986||14
|-
|Transmat||???||10/1986||15
|-
|Polskie litery||Polish letters(again about polish diacritical signs)||11/1986||8
|-
|Trochę ruchu...||Some movement...||11/1986||8
|-
|Pamięć pod lupą||Memory under magnifing glass||11/1986||9
|-
|Amstrad PC 1512||n/a||12/1986||11
|-
|Circle||n/a||12/1986||11
|-
|Ruchome literki||Moving letters||12/1986||11
|}
[''1''] - Troughout the 1986, there were some problems with continous publishing, so there were couple of bi-monthly issues

=== 1987 ===

{|{{Prettytable|font-size: 2em;}}
|''Title''||''Title translation''||''Issue''||''Page''
|-
|PCW8512||n/a||1/1987||20
|-
|Co piszczy pod klawiaturą(1-12)||What squeaks under the keyboard(part 1 to 12)||1-12/1987||[''1'']
|-
|Węże||Snakes||2/1987||11
|-
|Programy biurowe||Office applications||2/1987||12
|-
|Zmiana krojów pisma||Font changing||4/1987||15
|-
|BASIC CPC 464||n/a||5/1987||14
|-
|Jezyki programowania||Programming languages||6/1987||13
|-
|Drukarka?||Printer?||6/1987||14
|-
|Instalacja polskich liter w CP/M PLUS dla CPC6128||Installation of polish letters under CP/M PLUS for CPC 6128||8/1987||13
|-
|Firma||Firm||10/1987||14
|-
|Uczymy mówić CPC 464, 664, 6128||Teach CPC 464, 664, 6128 to speak||11/1987||13
|-
|Katalog||Catalog||12/1987||12
|}
[''1'']] - This article was 12 part, each one had been on diffrent page. I could list 12 entries, each one stating the correct page number, but, as I don't think, any of You collect Bajtek(now or will in the future), I don't see the point.
[[Category:CPC Press]] [[Category: Magazines]] [[Category:Stub]]

CPC4MB

2006-09-09T18:21:01Z

83.26.207.146: /* Schematics */

[[image:Cpc4mb3.jpg|right|thumb|4MB expansion kit]]
== Description ==

4 MB internal memory expansion for CPC. It's compatible with external memory expansions (Dk'tronics, Inicron RAM-BOX), using port #7Fxx. Additional 3,5MB can be used trough ports #78xx to #7Exx(see [http://8bit.yarek.pl/upgrade/cpc.cpc4mb/index.html CPC4MB] Page, for futher details).

== Software ==

Currently, CPC4MB is supported by [[FutureOS]] version .8.

== Schematics ==

Altrough CPC4MB can be ordered fully asembled (even with mounting on a CPC board), there's still a download of PCB design on CPC4MB page, if you want to DIY.

== Links ==
* [http://8bit.yarek.pl/upgrade/cpc.cpc4mb/index.html CPC4MB]
* [http://8bit.yarek.pl/upgrade/cpc.cpc4mb/cpc4mb1.zip PCB Layouts in Eagle format]

See also the [[:Category:Memory expansions|list of memory expansions for the CPC]]

[[Category:Hardware]] [[Category:Peripherals]] [[Category:Memory expansions]]

CPC4MB

2006-09-09T18:20:01Z

83.26.207.146: /* Description */

[[image:Cpc4mb3.jpg|right|thumb|4MB expansion kit]]
== Description ==

4 MB internal memory expansion for CPC. It's compatible with external memory expansions (Dk'tronics, Inicron RAM-BOX), using port #7Fxx. Additional 3,5MB can be used trough ports #78xx to #7Exx(see [http://8bit.yarek.pl/upgrade/cpc.cpc4mb/index.html CPC4MB] Page, for futher details).

== Software ==

Currently, CPC4MB is supported by [[FutureOS]] version .8.

== Schematics ==

Altrough CPC4MB can be ordered fully asembled(even with mounting on a CPC board), there's still a download of PCB design on CPC4MB page, if you want to DIY.

== Links ==
* [http://8bit.yarek.pl/upgrade/cpc.cpc4mb/index.html CPC4MB]
* [http://8bit.yarek.pl/upgrade/cpc.cpc4mb/cpc4mb1.zip PCB Layouts in Eagle format]

See also the [[:Category:Memory expansions|list of memory expansions for the CPC]]

[[Category:Hardware]] [[Category:Peripherals]] [[Category:Memory expansions]]